Castelli e architetture difensive nei centri minori italiani. Il caso studio della Valle di Comino

The article provides a reconnaissance of the castles in the charming Comino Valley, in the province of Frosinone. Their foundation, between the late 10th and the end of the 11th century, was carried out by counts, ecclesiastics, and small and large aristocratic lords. As in much of southern Lazio, studied by Toubert, defensive architecture constitutes a fundamental element of the historical and cultural heritage in this valley as well. Their history and architecture are explored by outlining the crucial role these medieval structures have played over the centuries in defending the surrounding territories. The current state of conservation of these monuments is analyzed, highlighting the challenges related to maintenance and preservation of this cultural heritage. Looking at the current use of some of these architectures, ranging from tourist to cultural function, the necessity of targeted and integrated recovery interventions for their enhancement and of the territory hosting them is discussed. The aim is to raise awareness about the importance of preserving and requalifying these medieval testimonies, so that their beauty can continue to be fully appreciated.