Laboratory techniques for the measurement of very small strain stiffness parameters of coarse-grained materials include: (a) static tests using local strain transducers like LDTs and (b) wave propagation measurements performed using bender elements, shear plate and so on. The former mcthod has been employed for most kinds of soil, while the use of wave propagation methods has been restricted to small specimens of sand and clay. At the University of Napoli Federico II (DIG), a simple device to generate and monitor compressional and shear waves has been designed to be used in large-scale triaxial apparatuses. The testing device was first used on densely compacted gravel specimens in a large triaxial apparatus in Naples and, after some further improvernent also in another large triaxial cell in Tokyo. In the tests carried out in Tokyo, dynamic and static measurements were per formed simultaneously on the single gravel specimens. In this paper, the details of the new system are presented and the results are discussed. The comparison between stiffness moduli evaluated by dynamic and static measurements shows that density, stress state, and strain history effects are similar, but that the dynamically measured stiffness values are consistently larger, about two times, than the statically determined ones, Since the stiffness of gravels has proven Io be strain rate independent, possible reasons for this difference are addressed.
Evaluation of gravel stiffness by pulse wave transmission tests
MODONI, Giuseppe;
2000-01-01
Abstract
Laboratory techniques for the measurement of very small strain stiffness parameters of coarse-grained materials include: (a) static tests using local strain transducers like LDTs and (b) wave propagation measurements performed using bender elements, shear plate and so on. The former mcthod has been employed for most kinds of soil, while the use of wave propagation methods has been restricted to small specimens of sand and clay. At the University of Napoli Federico II (DIG), a simple device to generate and monitor compressional and shear waves has been designed to be used in large-scale triaxial apparatuses. The testing device was first used on densely compacted gravel specimens in a large triaxial apparatus in Naples and, after some further improvernent also in another large triaxial cell in Tokyo. In the tests carried out in Tokyo, dynamic and static measurements were per formed simultaneously on the single gravel specimens. In this paper, the details of the new system are presented and the results are discussed. The comparison between stiffness moduli evaluated by dynamic and static measurements shows that density, stress state, and strain history effects are similar, but that the dynamically measured stiffness values are consistently larger, about two times, than the statically determined ones, Since the stiffness of gravels has proven Io be strain rate independent, possible reasons for this difference are addressed.I documenti in IRIS sono protetti da copyright e tutti i diritti sono riservati, salvo diversa indicazione.
