What do parents know about antibiotics? A multicenter Italian survey on antibiotics knowledge

Background Antibiotic resistance, mainly related to a misuse of antibiotics (ATB), causes at least 50,000 deaths each year in Europe and USA. Since ATB are prescribed more frequently to paediatric patients, the present study aims to evaluate knowledge and attitudes about ATB among parents of children aged between 0–14 years. Methods In June 2014, a survey among parents of children aged between 0–14 years was conducted in seven Italian cities. A structured questionnaire was administered in the waiting rooms of outpatient departments in order to investigate knowledge and attitudes about ATB consumption. An overall score was calculated on the basis of correct and incorrect answers. Data were analysed through frequencies, percentages and logistic regressions. Results Overall, 1,244 parents were interviewed (70% females). Around 33% of the sample stated that ATB are appropriate for viral infections, and 21% believed that ATB are useful for any kind of pain and inflammation. To have at least one relative working in health field seems to be statistically significant associated with a better level of knowledge (p < 0.05). Moreover, 26% declared to buy ATB for their children without any medical prescription and 55% stated they usually start administering ATB to their children without a proper medical examination. Results of the logistic regressions showed that parents older than 40 years (OR 1.60; 95% CI = 1.24-2.07) have a higher likelihood to totalize poor scores about knowledge on ATB role, while females (OR 0.68; 95% CI = 0.52-0.90) and people with degree (OR 0.39; 95% CI = 0.29-0.52) seem more prone to give correct answers. Conclusions The present work showed how parents of children aged 0–14 years have poor knowledge and bad attitudes regarding ATB. Given the high consumption of ATB by paediatric patients, and the role of antibiotic resistance on European burden of disease, it would be important to make aware paediatricians and patients on the risks related to this issue. Key messages Results of our survey showed that, according to the recent data about the size of antibiotic resistance in Europe, parents of children aged 0–14 years have low levels of knowledge and bad attitudes European governments should strengthen their actions addressed to fight the incorrect use of antibiotics in the general population