Dispersed generation modeling for object oriented distribution load flow

The interest in dispersed generation (DG) is worldwidely increasing. The connection of small generating units affects the operation of distribution systems and classical modeling and analyzing techniques must be revised. Recently, a novel approach to the distribution load-flow problem has been proposed: the object-oriented (OO) paradigm has been applied both to the system modeling and to the Newton–Raphson solving algorithm in the cases of radial and weakly meshed distribution systems. In this paper, the OO load-flow modeling and algorithm are extended to account for the inclusion of DG. The OO paradigm allows easily introducing accurate models of DG interfacing to the network by various electric devices (synchronous generators, induction machines, power electronics converters). Numerical applications are presented to evidence the features of the algorithm evaluating the effects of DG on the operation of two test systems.