Heterogeneous FE model for single lap shear tests on FRP reinforced masonry curved pillars with spike anchors

A 3D-FE heterogeneous approach is proposed to reproduce experimental single lap shear tests performed on curved masonry prisms reinforced either at the intrados or extrados with FRP strips fixed to the masonry surface by both epoxy resin and an anchor device placed in the middle of the strip. Bricks and mortar are modeled with a concrete damage plasticity material exhibiting softening, whilst for both the FRP and spike a linear-elastic behavior is assumed. An elastic uncoupled cohesive interface between FRP/substrate and anchorage/substrate is also introduced in the model to properly reproduce experimental stiffness and damage diffusion inside masonry. The model is benchmarked against four sets of single lap shear tests performed by the authors at the University of Florence, Italy. A good match between experimental evidences and numerical predictions is obtained. Sensitivity analyses are finally performed in order to furnish a prediction of the delamination strength also in cases not studied experimentally.