Voltage Optimization in Distribution Networks using EV Parking Lots and PV systems as flexibility options

This paper focuses on the exploitation of the flexibility service that can be provided by photovoltaic units and parking lots equipped with electric vehicle charging stations for the optimization of the voltage profile in a medium voltage distribution network. The flexibility options are constituted by: curtailment of active power injection as well as reactive power injection/absorption of the photovoltaic units, and variation of the power consumption by parking lots. The flexibility service is activated by a request of the distribution system operator. The paper presents a short-term optimization model that minimizes the voltage deviations, including the typical constraints of the distribution system operation and a limit on the procurement expenses of the flexibility services. The characteristics and performances of the proposed approach are illustrated by using the 123-bus test feeder.