Low-energy calibration of XENON1T with an internal $$^{{\textbf {37}}}$$Ar source

A low-energy electronic recoil calibration of XENON1T, a dual-phase xenon time projection chamber, with an internal Ar source was performed. This calibration source features a 35-day half-life and provides two mono-energetic lines at 2.82 keV and 0.27 keV. The photon yield and electron yield at 2.82 keV are measured to be (32.3+0.3)) photons/keV and (40.6+0.5) electrons/keV, respectively, in agreement with other measurements and with NEST predictions. The electron yield at 0.27 keV is also measured and it is (68+6.3 -3.7)) electrons/keV. The Ar calibration confirms that the detector is well-understood in the energy region close to the detection threshold, with the 2.82 keV line reconstructed at (2.83+0.02) keV, which further validates the model used to interpret the low-energy electronic recoil excess previously reported by XENON1T. The ability to efficiently remove argon with cryogenic distillation after the calibration proves that Ar can be considered as a regular calibration source for multi-tonne xenon detectors.